I-Cullet:Amabhodlela engilazi nezimbiza zenziwe ngezithako ezintathu zemvelo: isihlabathi se-silica, imali yesoda kanye ne-limestone.Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zixubene nengilazi egaywe kabusha, ebizwa ngokuthi “cullet”.I-Cullet iyisithako esiyinhloko emabhodleleni engilazi nasezitsheni.Emhlabeni jikelele, ukupakishwa kwethu kwengilazi kuqukethe isilinganiso esingu-38% sengilazi egaywe kabusha.Izinto ezisetshenziswayo (isihlabathi se-quartz, i-soda ash, i-limestone, i-feldspar, njll.) ziyachotshozwa, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezimanzi kufanele zomiswe, futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa ezine-iron ziphathwa ngokukhipha insimbi ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinga lengilazi.
Isithando somlilo:Ingxube yenqwaba ibhekisa amabombo esithandweni, isithando somlilo sishiswa ngegesi nogesi sifike ku-1550 degrees celsius ukuze kwakheke ingilazi encibilikisiwe.Isithando somlilo sisebenza amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngesonto, futhi singakwazi ukucubungula amathani engilazi angamakhulu amaningana usuku ngalunye.
Umcwengisisi:Lapho ingxube yengilazi encibilikisiwe iphuma esithandweni somlilo, igeleza ingene endaweni yokuhlanza, empeleni okuyisitsha sokubamba esimbozwe umqhele omkhulu ukuze siqukathe ukushisa.Lapha ingilazi encibilikisiwe iphola ifike ku-1250 degrees celsius futhi amabhamuza omoya avaleleke ngaphakathi ayabaleka.
Ngaphambili:Ingilazi encibilikisiwe ibe isihamba iye ngaphambili, okuletha izinga lokushisa lengilazi ezingeni elifanayo ngaphambi kokungena kusiphakeli.Ekugcineni, amashekeli asika ingilazi encibilikisiwe abe "ama-gobs", futhi i-gob ngayinye izoba ibhodlela lengilazi noma imbiza.
Umshini Wokwakha:Umkhiqizo wokugcina uqala ukumila ngaphakathi komshini wokwenza njengoba i-gob ngayinye iphonswa ochungechungeni lwesikhunta.Umoya ocindezelwe usetshenziselwa ukubumba nokwandisa i-gob ibe yisitsha sengilazi.Ingilazi iyaqhubeka nokupholisa endaweni yenqubo yokukhiqiza, yehlela cishe ku-700 degrees celsius.
Ukugcwalisa:Ngemuva komshini wokwenza, ibhodlela ngalinye lengilazi noma imbiza ihamba ngesinyathelo sokudonsa.Ukufakwa kwe-anneal kuyadingeka ngoba ingaphandle lesiqukathi liphola ngokushesha kunengaphakathi laso.Inqubo ye-annealing ishisa kabusha isitsha bese ipholiswa kancane kancane ukuze ikhulule ingcindezi futhi iqinise ingilazi.Iziqukathi zengilazi zishiselwa cishe ku-565 degrees celsius bese zipholiswa kancane ziye ku-150 degrees celsius.Khona-ke amabhodlela engilazi amabhodlela esikhangiso aya ku-coater ekupheleni kwekhodi ukuze kuhlanganiswe okokugcina ngaphandle.
Ukuhlola Amabhodlela Engilazi nezimbiza:Ibhodlela ngalinye lengilazi kanye nembiza kufakwa ochungechungeni lokuhlola ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi lihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu.Amakhamera amaningi anokulungiswa okuphezulu ngaphakathi kwemishini askena amabhodlela ezingilazi angaba ngu-800 ngomzuzu ngamunye.Amakhamera ahlala ema-engeli ahlukene futhi angakwazi ukubamba amaphutha amancane.Enye ingxenye yezinqubo zokuhlola ihlanganisa imishini eyenza ingcindezi ezitsheni zengilazi ukuze ihlole ukushuba kodonga, amandla kanye nokuthi isiqukathi sivaleka kahle yini.Ochwepheshe babuye bahlole ngesandla nangokubukeka amasampula angahleliwe ukuze baqinisekise ikhwalithi.
Uma ibhodlela lengilazi noma imbiza yengilazi ingaphumeleli ekuhlolweni, ibuyela enqubweni yokukhiqiza ingilazi njenge-cullet.Iziqukathi ezidlula ukuhlolwa zilungiselelwa ukuthuthwakubakhiqizi bokudla neziphuzo,abazigcwalisayo bese besabalalisa ezitolo zegrosa, izindawo zokudlela, amahhotela nezinye izindawo zokudayisa ukuze abathengi namakhasimende bazijabulele.
Ingilazi igaywa kabusha ngokungapheli, futhi isiqukathi sengilazi esigaywe kabusha singasuka emgqonyeni wokugaya ukuze sigcine ishalofu esikhathini esingangezinsuku ezingu-30.Ngakho-ke uma abathengi nezindawo zokudlela zisebenzisa kabusha amabhodlela abo ezingilazi nezimbiza, iluphu yokukhiqiza ingilazi iqala futhi.
Ibhodlela lengilazi liyisitsha esikhulu sokupakisha sokudla, imithi kanye nemboni yamakhemikhali.Inezinzuzo eziningi, ayinabo ubuthi, ayinambitheki, ukuzinza kwayo kwamakhemikhali kuhle, kulula ukuvala, ukuqina komoya okuhle, kuyimpahla esobala futhi ingabonwa kusukela ngaphandle kwephakheji kuya esimweni sangempela sezingubo. .Lolu hlobo lokupakisha luwusizo ekugcinweni kwempahla, lusebenza kahle kakhulu kwisitoreji, Ingaphezulu layo libushelelezi, kulula ukulibulala amagciwane futhi liyinzalo futhi liyisitsha sokupakisha esifanele.
Ingilazi engenambala cishe ibizwa ngengilazi engenambala.I-Colorless yigama elithandwayo esikhundleni segama elicacile.Ukucaca kubhekisela enanini elihlukile: ukubonakala kwengilazi hhayi umbala wayo.Ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kwegama elithi clear kungaba segameni elithi “clear green bottle.”
Ingilazi enemibala ye-Aquamarine ingumphumela wemvelo wakho kokubili okusansimbi okwenzeka ngokwemvelo okutholakala ezihlabathini eziningi, noma ngokufakwa kwensimbi kungxube.Ngokunciphisa noma ukwandisa inani lomoya-mpilo elangabini elisetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa isihlabathi, abakhiqizi bangakhiqiza umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma umbala oluhlaza.
Ingilazi emhlophe e-opaque ijwayele ukubizwa ngengilazi yobisi futhi kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nge-Opal noma ingilazi emhlophe.Ingakhiqizwa ngokufaka i-tin, i-zinc oxide, i-fluorides, i-phosphates noma i-calcium.
Ingilazi eluhlaza ingenziwa ngokufakwa kwensimbi, i-chromium, nethusi.I-Chromium oxide izokhiqiza okuluhlaza okuphuzi ukuya kokuluhlaza kwesimaragidu.Inhlanganisela ye-cobalt, (eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) exutshwe ne-chromium (eluhlaza) izokhiqiza ingilazi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ingilazi yenhlaka ikhiqizwa ukungcola okungokwemvelo esihlabathini, njengensimbi ne-manganese.Izithasiselo ezenza inhlaka zifaka i-nickel, sulphur, ne-carbon.
Ingilazi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka inombala enezithako ezifana ne-cobalt oxide nethusi.
I-Purple, i-amethyst nebomvu yimibala yengilazi evame ukuvela ekusetshenzisweni kwe-nickel noma i-manganese oxides.
Ingilazi emnyama ivamise ukwakhiwa ngensimbi ephezulu, kodwa ingafaka ezinye izinto ezifana nekhabhoni, ithusi elinensimbi ne-magnesia.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inqwaba ihloselwe ukuba ingilazi ecacile noma enemibala, izithako ezihlanganisiwe zaziwa njengengxube ye-batch futhi ithuthelwa esithandweni futhi ishiselwe ekushiseni okungaba ngu-1565°C noma ku-2850°F.Uma isincibilikile futhi isihlanganisiwe, ingilazi encibilikisiwe idlula endaweni yokucwengisisa, lapho amagwebu omoya avaleleke khona evunyelwa ukuba aphume bese ipholiswa ibe iyunifomu yokushisa nokho esakheka.Isiphakeli sibe sesiphusha ingilazi ewuketshezi ngezinga elilinganayo ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ezinosayizi onembile endaweni ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa.Ama-shear blades asika ingilazi encibilikisiwe evelayo ngesikhathi esinembile ukuze akhe amasilinda amade abizwa ngokuthi ama-gobs.Lawa ma-gobs ayizingcezu ngazinye, alungele ukwakhiwa.Zingena emshinini wokwenza lapho, kusetshenziswa umoya ocindezelwe ukuze ziwanwebe ukuze zigcwalise ifasitela lesimo sokugcina esifiselekayo, zenziwa zibe iziqukathi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-07-2021